Reasons and prerequisites for the Russian initiative in organizing the Hague Peace Conferences 

Boris V. Nikolaev, Candidate of historical sciences, associate professor of the sub-department of criminal law, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia); head of the sub-department of jurisprudence, Penza branch of Moscow Witte University (25B Vyazemskogo street, Penza, Russia), nikolboris@yandex.ru
Natalia A. Pavlova, Candidate of pedagogical sciences, head of the sub-department of foreign languages, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), nataliia.pavlova@inbox.ru

Background. Russia played a decisive role in initiating the Hague Movement, which became an important step towards the establishment of a new system of international relations and modern international law. However, it can be noted that there has been a lack of significant attention not only from foreign but also domestic science to the study of the phenomenon of the Hague Conferences and the establishment of the modern system of world order. In this regard, the study of the reasons for the Russian initiative to convene peace conferences seems relevant and scientifically significant. The purpose of the study is to identify the reasons and prerequisites for the Russian initiative to convene two Hague Peace Conferences in 1899 and 1907. Materials and methods. The set objectives are achieved through the analysis of official materials of the Hague Peace Conferences, official acts of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, international treaties, and scientific literature. Results. The study analyzes the prerequisites and reasons for the Russian initiative to convene two Hague peace conferences. Conclusions. The study allows us to draw a conclusion about the special role of Russian diplomacy and the Russian state in the development of modern international law and ensuring a fair and sustainable system of international relations.

the Hague Peace Conference, international law, law of armed conflicts, Russian diplomacy

Nikolaev B.V., Pavlova N.A. Reasons and prerequisites for the Russian initiative in organizing the Hague Peace Conferences. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Povolzhskiy region. Gumanitarnye nauki = University proceedings. Volga region. Humani-ties. 2025;(3):76–88. (In Russ.). doi: 10.21685/2072-3024-2025-3-7